THE BIBLICAL FEAST DAYS - GOD'S CALENDAR

THE BIBLICAL FEAST DAYS - GOD'S CALENDAR

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The 1st day of the first month (Abib/Nisan) was the first day of the Jewish religious year. It would begin at the new moon of our March / April and coincides with the latter rains (Joel 2:23). Each month began with a new moon. (Num 10:10, 28:11, 1 Sam 20:5, Psa 81:3, Isa 66:23, Ezek 46:3, Amos 8:5, Col. 2:16.) The 1st day of Tishri, in the Fall, customarily begins the new civil year.

Jewish month	New moon of	Bible references
1. Abib* / Nisan	March-April	Ex 13:4, 23:15, Neh 2:1
2. Zif* / Iyyar	April-May	1 Ki 6:1, 37
3. Sivan	May-June	Est 8:9
4. Tammuz	June-July	-
5. Ab / Av	July-August	-
6. Elul	August-September	Neh 6:15
7. Ethanim* / Tishri	September-October	1 Ki 8:2
8. Bul* / Marheshvan / Heshvan	October-November	1 Ki 6:38
9. Chisleu / Chislev / Kislev	November-December	Neh 1:1
10. Tebeth / Tevet	December-January	Est 2:16
11. Shebat / Shevat	January-February	Zec 1:7
12. Adar	February-March	Est 3:7
13. 2nd Adar (7 of 19 years)	March 14,15
* Pre-exilic names

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THE SABBATHS OF THE JEWISH YEAR

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1. The seventh day (Saturday) Sabbath - (Shabbat)
Gen 2:1-3, Lev 23:3, Num 28:9-10, Exo 20:8-11, Deut 5:12-15
A convocation day. No work to be done.
Not a feast day (moed—H4150) as it is not set by the new moon.

The 4th of the Ten Commandments, this is the only convocation day that occurs more than once a year. It was not a day that originated with the Jews and the Ten Commandments at Sinai, it preceded them. The seventh day (weekly) Sabbath is the Sabbath of the Lord (Lev 23:3), a memorial to creation and the Creator established in Eden before the fall (Gen 2:1-3). Because it began at creation, before sin, with no intrinsic animal sacrifices associated with it, it is separate and distinct from the sabbaths of the yearly sacrificial feast calendar of the temple (Lev. 23:37-38) that ended with Christ's crucifixion, and were a shadow or type of some future event that would be their fulfillment, or antitype. When one of the yearly sabbaths fell on the seventh day Sabbath, it was referred to as a high Sabbath day (John 19:31).

2. Feast of Passover (Erev Pesah or Ta'anit Bechorim)
The 14th day of the 1st month (Abib / Nisan)
Exo 12, Exo 13:6-8, Lev 23:5, Deut 16:3-8, Num 28:16
Note: this was not a convocation day (no public gatherings) or a sabbath day.

The Jews consider this day to be the day before Passover (Pesah), which to them is the same as the Feast of Unleavened Bread. The type was the Passover in Egypt, with the blood of the lamb being smeared on the door posts. Jesus and the disciples ate the Passover meal (Matt 26:18-20, Mark 14:12-16) of unleavened bread and wine in the early hours of this day (Exo 12:18), which would have been our Thursday evening (the biblical day begins and ends at sunset). Jesus was crucified, and died the afternoon of the 14th (Friday), at the time the Paschal lambs were being slain (Exo 12:6), at the ninth hour (3 pm.). Passover is a shadow or type of the sacrifice of Jesus (the antitype), the lamb of God, at the cross (1 Cor 5:7).
(Ta'anit Bechorim is a fast observed only by the first born. It is to commemorate being spared from the last plague to fall on Egypt- the death of the first born.)

3. Feast of Unleavened Bread (Pesah) - a week long observance.
First day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread
15th day of the 1st month (Abib/Nisan)
Lev 23:7, Num 28:17-18
A convocation / sabbath day. No servile work.
First born dedicated to the Lord's service.
Travel to the Sanctuary in Jerusalem required of all men (Exo 23:14,17, Exo 34:22, Deut 16:16).

A celebration of release from bondage in Egypt (Exo 13:6-10). All leaven bread (hametz) removed and replaced by unleaven bread (matzah). This day fell on the seventh day Sabbath, the day after the crucifixion, making it a high Sabbath day - (John 19:31). Jesus spent the entire day in the tomb, at rest on this Sabbath.
The Feast of Unleavened Bread, was a type of the sinless nature of Jesus releasing us from the bondage of sin (if we we have faith in His atoning death). Jesus is the sinless bread of life (John 6:32, 48-51) and leavened bread represented the corruption of sin in your life, that Jesus overcomes - (1 Cor 5:8). Putting away the sin in your life (leavened bread / hametz), and replacing it by accepting sinless Jesus Christ (unleaven bread / matzah) in its place, is the Gospel Message symbolized in the Passover meal, known today as the Lord's Supper or Communion. You participate in the Lord's Supper to remember the sacrifice that Jesus made for you at the cross (Luke 22:19).
This was the time of year of the latter rain (March/April).
On this day Israel began to eat from the old corn and the manna ended the following day (Josh 5:11)

The Day of First Fruits (The Omer)
The 16th day of the 1st month (Abib / Nisan)
Exo 34:25-26, Lev 23:10-14, - Late Passover Num 9:10-11
Not a convocation day. No restriction on servile work.
Barley harvest - Firstfruits presented to the Lord (Lev 23:10-11)

This was the day of first sheaf waving (type), the first fruit of the barley harvest. The antitype was Resurrection Sunday which also occurred on 16 Abib / Nisan. Jesus was the first fruits of the resurrection, (1 Cor 15:20, 23, 2 Tim 2:6-8), the antitype. At His resurrection, Jesus also resurrected the saints whose tombs were opened (marked) at the moment of His death (Mat 27:52-53) as a type of the resurrection at the second coming. These saints were presented to the Father for His approval by Jesus in heaven (John 20:17) at the moment the barley sheaf was symbolically waved at the temple at the time of the morning sacrifice, the third hour (9 am).
It is important to note that it was not a day of convocation (NOT A SABBATH) to the Jews, so there is no reason for it to be a sabbath in antitype (post-resurrection) to Christians. This is because the yearly festivals were not just commemorative in nature, but also prophetic, pointing to future holy events as fulfillments. To suggest a new Sunday holy day was instituted on resurrection day, is to say the yearly festival calendar appointed by God was in error, since it omits a weekly 1st day observance.
In Jewish Tradition, the period called the Omer begins on 16 Nisan and extends for the count of 50 days to Pentecost or Shavuot
Manna ceased to fall on this day (Josh 5:12)

7th and last day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread (Yom Tov)
The 21st day of 1st month (Abib / Nisan)
Exo 12:18, 13:6, Lev 23:8, Num 28:25
A convocation / sabbath day. No servile work.
Traditional celebration of the crossing of the Red Sea.

Passover	Feast of Unleavened Bread
14th	15th	16th	17th	18th	19th	20th	21st
Paschal Lamb Slain	1st Day Feast of  Unleaven Bread	The Omer (First Fruits)	-	-	-	-	7th Day Feast of  Unleaven Bread
Not a sabbath	A sabbath No servile work	Not a sabbath	-	-	-	-	A sabbath No servile work
Unleaven Bread Eaten
	All Leaven Removed From the House
Crucifixion	In the tomb	Resurrection	-	-	-	-	-
1st Day	2nd Day	3rd Day

4. Feast of Pentecost (Shavuot)
Exo 34:22, Lev 23:15-21, Acts 2:1, Acts 20:16, 1 Cor 16:8
Occurs 50 days after the day of first fruits / barley sheaf waving (16 Nisan), on or about the 6th day of the third month (Sivan).
A convocation / sabbath day. No servile work done.
Travel to the Sanctuary in Jerusalem required of all men (Exo 23:14,17, Exo 34:22, Deut 16:16).
Wheat harvest - Firstfruits presented to the Lord (Lev 23:17, 20)

Also called Feast of Weeks (Ex 34:22), the day of First Fruits (Exo 23:16, Num 28:26) Feast of the Harvest (Ex 23:16) and in the New Testament - Pentecost (Acts 2:1) A festival that celebrated the first fruits of the wheat harvest with the offering of two wave loaves of leavened bread (Lev 23:17, 20). This feast was also a shadow or type because fifty days after the resurrection, at the third hour morning offering at the temple (9 am - Acts 2:15), the firstfruits of the resurrection of saints on 16 Nisan were again presented by Jesus before the Father in heaven, and there was the first outpouring of the Holy Spirit, that resulted in three thousand souls being added to the church in one day (Acts 2:41), this rapid growth being symbolized by the loaves of leavened bread.
This was the day that Jesus was anointed in heaven with the Holy Spirit as our High Priest, which was also prefigured by the anointing of Aaron (Exo. 40:13) as mentioned in Psalms 133:1-3. Having finished His ministration in the outer court of the sanctuary (the work of justification by His sacrifice, Rom 5:9), Christ then began the priestly work of sanctification in the heavenly temple that was typified by the holy place, the first apartment of the earthly sanctuary. This outpouring of the Holy Spirit is also known as the early rain (Antitype) and reached from heaven down to the Apostles gathered in the upper room on mount Zion. There will also be a latter rain, the greater outpouring of the Holy Spirit near the end of time (Joel 2:23, Zech 10:1, James 5:7) for the proclamation of the three angels messages (Rev 14).
The Jews do not recognize the outpouring of the Holy Spirit in the second chapter of Acts as a fulfillment of Pentecost/Shavuot, so they are consequently unsure about the true prophetic meaning of the festival, commemorating instead the revelation of the Torah to Moses on Sinai.

5. Trumpets (Rosh Ha-shanah)
The 1st day of the 7th month (Ethanim / Tishri)
Lev 23:24, Num 29:1
A convocation / sabbath day. Not called a feast day. No servile work done.
The first day of the Jewish civil year.

This was an announcement to Israel of impending judgment, which occurred on the Day of Atonement, nine days later. The antitype of Trumpets was the worldwide proclamation of the second coming in 1843, during the "Great Awakening" revival, which was based on the 2300 days/years prophecy in Dan 8:14, which began in 457 B.C. and ended in 1844. This was mistakenly interpreted, by William Miller and others, to predict the time of the second coming and end of the world in 1844, when in fact it was the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary and the beginning of the pre-advent investigative judgment.

6. Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur)
The 10th day of the 7th month (Ethanim / Tishri)
Lev 23:27, Num 29:7, Lev 16
A convocation / sabbath day. No work to be done.
Not called a feast day, but a day to "afflict your soul" which involved fasting that day (Joel 1:14-15, Acts 27:9).

This was the holiest day of the year and signified a cleansing of sins and reconciliation with God (Judgment day). The people were to afflict their souls and fast. On this day only the High Priest entered the Holy of Holies to atone for the sins of the people (Lev 16). This was a shadow or type of Jesus carrying out his role as our High Priest (Heb 9) and entering the Holy of Holies in the heavenly sanctuary when he began the investigative judgment at the end of the 2300 days / years of Dan 8:14 on October 22, 1844. This was the beginning of the antitype or fulfillment of the Day of Atonement, which is still underway in heaven today. This judgment begins with the righteous dead and will end with the righteous living. At the end of this period of judgment, probation for humanity will have closed, and the 7 plagues of God will then fall on the wicked. Soon after will be the second coming, to gather the righteous to join the kingdom of God in heaven for 1000 years.
The Jubilee year begins on this day (Lev 25:9).

7. Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkoth) - An eight day feast of ingathering.
The first day was the 15th day of the 7th month (Ethanim / Tishri)
Exo 34:22, Lev 23:34-36, 39-43, Num 29:12
A convocation / sabbath day. No servile work done.
Travel to the Sanctuary in Jerusalem required of all men (Exo 23:14,17, Exo 34:22, Deut 16:16).
Fruit Harvest - Firstfruits presented to the Lord (Exo 23:19, 14:1-5)

For seven days all Israel moved out of their homes and lived in temporary shelters called "Sukkah" as a reminder of their wanderings in the desert for forty years. The branches cut from palm (Rev. 7:9), willow and other trees were to be waved in celebration to the Lord during the first seven days of the feast (Lev 23:40).
This final feast of the year is a celebration of ingathering at the end of the harvest (Exo 23:16) and is a time of rejoicing and fellowship. It symbolizes the gathering or harvest of God's people, who leave earth for the week long marriage supper of the Lamb, to be celebrated at the Father's house in heaven after the second coming of Jesus (Rev. 19:7-9). This begins the millennium, where the saints will dwell temporarilly until the earth is made new, after the judgment of the wicked (Rev. 20).

The 7th day of the Feast of Tabernacles, Festival of Willows (Hoshana Rabbah)
21st day of the seventh month.

Considered by Jewish custom to be the final day of judgment. A ritual of beating willow branches on the ground is practiced, which is thought to symbolize the casting away of sin.

The 8th day of the Feast of Tabernacles (Shemini Atzeret)
22nd day of the seventh month.
Lev 23:36,39, Num 29:35
A convocation / sabbath day. No servile work done.

The final day of Tabernacles was also a sabbath, a day of solemn assembly. At this time of year the former or early rains fell (late October / November), when the fields were plowed and sown.

Spring Festivals					Fall Festivals
The First Coming					The Second Coming
Passover	Unleaven Bread			Pentecost	Trumpets	Atonement	Tabernacles
14th Day 1st Month (Abib/Nisan)	A Week Long Festival 15th to 21st Day 1st Month (Abib/Nisan)			50 days from  15 Nisan (6 Sivan)	1st day 7th Month (Tishri)	10th Day 7th Month (Tishri)	An Eight Day Festival 15th to 22nd Day 7th Month (Tishri)
Erev Pesah	Pesah 1st Day of Festival	Omer Firstfruits	Yom Tov 7th Day of Festival	Shavuot Feast of Weeks or Firstfruits	Rosh Ha-shanah	Yom Kippur	Sukkoth 1st Day of Festival	Shemini Atzeret 8th Day of Festival
	15th Day 1st Month (Abib/Nisan)	16th Day 1st Month (Abib/Nisan)	21st Day 1st Month (Abib/Nisan)				15th Day 7th Month (Tishri)	22nd Day 7th Month (Tishri)
Not a sabbath	A sabbath No servile work	Not a sabbath	A sabbath No servile work	A sabbath No servile work	A sabbath No servile work	A sabbath No work	A sabbath No servile work	A sabbath No servile work
Crucifixion		Resurrection		Outpouring Of Holy Spirit	Warning	Pre-Advent Judgment	Second Coming Ingathering
	In Jerusalem			In Jerusalem			In Jerusalem
	Barley Harvest			Wheat Harvest			Fruit Harvest
	Latter Rains						Early Rains

The requirement of keeping yearly festivals ceased, as did the need for animal sacrifices, with the crucifixion of Christ.
See The Shadow Sabbaths of Colossians 2:17

KITAB SUCI MENUNJUKKAN BAPA DAN PUTERA DAN ROH KUDUS ADALAH ALLAH?

Ajaran mengenai Allah yang Esa, sangat jelas tercantum dalam Alkitab. Rasanya tidak perlu dibahas, karena hampir semua agama semantik memang mengakuinya.

Bagaimana ke-Esaan Allah itu bisa muncul dengan sebutan Tritunggal atau Trinitas, ini, yang biasanya menjadi persoalan bagi beberapa denominasi kristen dan tentu saja agama tauhid yang lain.

Ribuan bahkan ratusan ribu tulisan telah dibuat untuk menjelaskan persoalan ini, namun tentu saja karena perbedaan titik pandang dan pengetahuan, serta postulat yang dipakai pandangan akan tetap memberikan hasil pendapat berbeda, hal ini tentu akan tetap menjadi persoalan.

Usaha untuk mengerti dan memahami serta mengetahui Allah secara keseluruhan, tentulah sebuah usaha yang tidak mungkin. Allah bukanlah Allah jika kita dapat memahamiNya sepenuhNya. Jadi siapakah yang dapat mengetahui dan memahami Allah sepenuhnya ??? Tentu saja, HANYA Allah sendiri.

Lantas apa yang bisa kita capai untuk mengertiNya ??? Ya , sejauh Allah mewahyukan diri Nya dalam Alkitab, lewat alkitab dan pewahyuan sejatiNya. Dalam batas-batas tertentu, logika dan nalar manusia bisa pula menuntunnya, namun itupun sejauh daya pikir manusia yang terbatas, dalam mengerti ke takterbatasan Allah. Jadi bisa memahami dalam keterbatasan.

Jadi yang perlu kita ketahui dan imani adalah pewahyuan Allah lewat Alkitab, lewat orang-orang yang mengalamiNya juga dalam kehidupan gereja secara konkrit, tentu juga dibantu oleh hasil refleksi tokoh-tokoh gereja dan teolog2 dalam pemikirannya, serta tentu saja hasil rangkuman iman dalam apa yang kita kenal sebagai hasil konsili (Nicea dan Constantinople).

Benarkah Bapa, Putera dan Roh Kudus dinyatakan dalam Alkitab, marilah kita coba untuk menimbanya, semoga tulisan ini dapat menghantar untuk menuju kepada pemahamana yang lebih mendalam.

Mari kita lihat ayat - ayatnya :

Kej1:1-3 Pada mulanya Allah menciptakan langit dan bumi. Bumi belum berbentuk dan kosong; gelap gulita menutupi samudera raya, dan Roh Allah melayang-layang di atas permukaan air. Berfirmanlah Allah: "Jadilah terang." Lalu terang itu jadi.

Pada ayat tersebut nampaklah jejak Allah, Roh Allah dan FirmanNya. Yang jelas dalam peristiwa itu ada Roh Allah, ada juga FirmanNya.

Kej 2:1-4 Demikianlah diselesaikan langit dan bumi dan segala isinya. Ketika Allah pada hari ketujuh telah menyelesaikan pekerjaan yang dibuat-Nya itu, berhentilah Ia pada hari ketujuh dari segala pekerjaan yang telah dibuat-Nya itu. Lalu Allah memberkati hari ketujuh itu dan menguduskannya, karena pada hari itulah Ia berhenti dari segala pekerjaan penciptaan yang telah dibuat-Nya itu. Demikianlah riwayat langit dan bumi pada waktu diciptakan. Ketika TUHAN Allah menjadikan bumi dan langit, --

Kel 3:7-8 Maka terbukalah mata mereka berdua dan mereka tahu, bahwa mereka telanjang; lalu mereka menyemat daun pohon ara dan membuat cawat. Ketika mereka mendengar bunyi langkah TUHAN Allah, yang berjalan-jalan dalam taman itu pada waktu hari sejuk, bersembunyilah manusia dan isterinya itu terhadap TUHAN Allah di antara pohon-pohonan dalam taman.

Nampak jelas pada ayat2 di atas, bahwa pribadi Allah ...menyelesaikan pekerjaanNya ...Ketika TUHAN Allah menjadikan bumi dan langit, ..... juga menciptakan manusia.

Mari kita lihat ayat lebih lanjut ;

Ibr 1:1-4 Setelah pada zaman dahulu Allah berulang kali dan dalam pelbagai cara berbicara kepada nenek moyang kita dengan perantaraan nabi-nabi, maka pada zaman akhir ini Ia telah berbicara kepada kita dengan perantaraan Anak-Nya, yang telah Ia tetapkan sebagai yang berhak menerima segala yang ada. Oleh Dia Allah telah menjadikan alam semesta.
Ia adalah cahaya kemuliaan Allah dan gambar wujud Allah dan menopang segala yang ada dengan firman-Nya yang penuh kekuasaan. Dan setelah Ia selesai mengadakan penyucian dosa, Ia duduk di sebelah kanan Yang Mahabesar, di tempat yang tinggi, jauh lebih tinggi dari pada malaikat-malaikat, sama seperti nama yang dikaruniakan kepada-Nya jauh lebih indah dari pada nama mereka.

Pada rangkaian ayat di atas, jelas dikatakan, perantaraan AnakNya. Alias PuteraNya. dan Oleh Dia Allah telah menjadikan alam semesta. Yang setelah selesai melaksanakan misiNya di dunia, ditempatkan disebelah kanan Allah. Ia sungguh pribadi yang ilahi, pribadi Putera .

Yoh 1:1-3 Pada mulanya adalah Firman; Firman itu bersama-sama dengan Allah dan Firman itu adalah Allah. Ia pada mulanya bersama-sama dengan Allah. Segala sesuatu dijadikan oleh Dia dan tanpa Dia tidak ada suatu pun yang telah jadi dari segala yang telah dijadikan.

Firman itu adalah Allah (Terjemahan LAI). Firman itu bersama-sama Allah, pada mulanya. Tafsiran orang dapat saja macam2, dan itu wajar saja. Bagi kita tentu saja tafsiran yang diimani Firman itu adalah Allah. Dengan gaya lain bisa disampaikan dengan cara bertanya :

Apa itu Firman dalam ayat di atas ? Jawabnya Allah (hakekat)

Siapa itu Firman dalam ayat di atas ? Jawabnya Yesus ('pribadi'), bandingkan ayat berikut Yoh 1:14 Firman itu telah menjadi manusia, dan diam di antara kita, dan kita telah melihat kemuliaan-Nya, yaitu kemuliaan yang diberikan kepada-Nya sebagai Anak Tunggal Bapa, penuh kasih karunia dan kebenaran

Yes 55:11

demikianlah firman-Ku yang keluar dari mulut-Ku: ia tidak akan kembali kepada-Ku dengan sia-sia, tetapi ia akan melaksanakan apa yang Kukehendaki, dan akan berhasil dalam apa yang Kusuruhkan kepadanya.

Itu ayat PL yang secara tersirat berbicara mengenai sang Firman, yg di utus, terlihat sang Firman itu sebagai 'pribadi'

Ayat berikutnya :

Yoh 14:16-17 Aku akan minta kepada Bapa, dan Ia akan memberikan kepadamu seorang Penolong yang lain, supaya Ia menyertai kamu selama-lamanya, yaitu Roh Kebenaran. Dunia tidak dapat menerima Dia, sebab dunia tidak melihat Dia dan tidak mengenal Dia. Tetapi kamu mengenal Dia, sebab Ia menyertai kamu dan akan diam di dalam kamu.

Di ayat ini, disebutkan Bapa akan memberikan seorang penolong yang lain, yaitu Roh Kebenaran. Roh Kudus. Siapa Roh Ini ???

1 Kor 2:11 Siapa gerangan di antara manusia yang tahu, apa yang terdapat di dalam diri manusia selain roh manusia sendiri yang ada di dalam dia? Demikian pulalah tidak ada orang yang tahu, apa yang terdapat di dalam diri Allah selain Roh Allah.

Matius  11:27 Semua telah diserahkan kepada-Ku oleh Bapa-Ku dan tidak seorang pun mengenal Anak selain Bapa, dan tidak seorang pun mengenal Bapa selain Anak dan orang yang kepadanya Anak itu berkenan menyatakannya.

Sungguh menarik dua kutipan ayat di atas itu, di awal kita sudah tahu, hanya Allah saja yang tahu mengenai diriNya, bukan ? Dua ayat di atas mengatakan Roh Allah mengetahui Allah, dan Putera mengenal Bapa. Jadi sebenarnya terlihat di sini bahwa Roh Kudus/Roh Allah dan Yesus/Putera adalah Allah.